If the words psallo and psalmos had changed meaning in the New Testament dispensation, and if they clearly represented only singing without any use of instrumental accompaniment whatsoever, why then did St. Paul mention psalms, making melody, and singing in the same passage of Scripture? To make the meaning of the words clear, let's review their standard meanings. Psalms (psalmos 5568) meant a Hebrew cantillation for voice and instruments. Singing (aido 103) was a verb meaning to sing. Making melody (psallo 5567) meant to twitch or twang or touch (play) the strings of a musical instrument. With these standard definitions of psalms, singing, and making melody, these words make logical sense in Ephesians 5:19. If aido and psallo would have had the same meaning St. Paul, the great master of languages, would not have used both words in the same verse. If these words represent the same action (singing) then the verse should be rendered singing and singing in your heart. Such a thesis does not seem to be tenable.
There
is also the argument that instrumental music was for the old covenant and that
it was not religiously "proper" under the new covenant since the
sacrificial system was not continued after the death and resurrection of
Christ. It is true that the highly
developed system of instrumental music of the Jews was silenced at the time of
the destruction of the Second Temple in A.D. 70. Although this was a dark time for the Jewish
music, it does not indicate a New Testament prohibition of the use of
instruments in Christian worship. The
persecuted New Testament church was scattered and worshipped sometimes in
"secret" which possibly accounts for some of the lack of instrumental
music by the New Testament church. Three
things are apparent concerning instrumental music in the New Testament: (1) it is not mentioned as much in the New
Testament as in the Old Testament; (2) many groups of believers worshiped
without the aid of instrumental music, and (3) the highly developed music
system of the Temple did not continue in the early church. However, instrumental music is mentioned in
the New Testament and is never forbidden in the New Testament writings.
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